Further, it contributes to the expanded vision of exposure science proposed by the National Research Council (NRC), which incorporates internal and external exposure markers and extends exposure science both inward and outward from the contact point between a stressor and receptor. The exposome complements the human genome by providing a measure of environmental exposure history in the three broad domains of internal, specific external, and general external exposures ( Wild 2012). Studying environmental exposures also facilitates characterization of the exposome, which is defined as the totality of an individual’s environmental exposures from the prenatal period onward ( Wild 2005). Exposure science plays a critical role in the translation and assessment of experimental toxicity data, prioritizing research, aiding risk analysis for human health, and informing public health decisions ( Hubal 2009).
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